Tiger Shovelnose Catfish

The History, Popularity and Habitat

History: The tiger shovelnose catfish (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) has a rich history intertwined with its natural habitat and the fascination of aquarium enthusiasts. This species was first scientifically described in 1829 by French zoologist Georges Cuvier, who named it Pimelodus fasciatus. Later, taxonomic revisions led to its current classification within the genus Pseudoplatystoma.

For many years, the tiger shovelnose catfish remained relatively unknown outside its native range in South America. However, as the aquarium hobby expanded and the fascination with exotic and large fish grew, the tiger shovelnose catfish caught the attention of aquarists worldwide.

Popularity: The tiger shovelnose catfish has become highly sought after in the aquarium trade due to its unique appearance, large size, and active nature. Its striking black stripes and spots on a silver or grayish body resemble a tiger's pattern, earning it the common name "tiger shovelnose catfish." The combination of its impressive size and predatory behavior adds to its allure among experienced aquarists seeking a challenge in keeping large and fascinating species.

However, its popularity has raised some concerns, as many individuals are acquired without proper consideration for their specific care requirements. This has led to instances of unsuitable tank setups, overcrowded conditions, and improper husbandry. Responsible fishkeeping and education about the species' needs are essential to ensure the well-being of these captivating fish in captivity.

Habitat: In its natural habitat, the tiger shovelnose catfish is found in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins of South America. It inhabits slow-moving or still waters with abundant hiding spots, such as submerged tree roots, rocks, and caves. The dense vegetation along the riverbanks provides additional shelter and contributes to the rich biodiversity of the region.

These catfish are adapted to the warm, tropical waters of South America, thriving in temperatures ranging from 75°F to 82°F (24°C to 28°C). They prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH levels, usually between 6.5 to 7.5. The water should also have a moderate hardness, with GH (general hardness) levels around 5 to 15 dGH and KH (carbonate hardness) levels between 3 to 10 dKH.

In their natural habitat, tiger shovelnose catfish are opportunistic predators, feeding on various small fish, crustaceans, and insects. Their highly active nature and powerful swimming abilities make them skilled hunters, allowing them to patrol the riverbed in search of food.

Conservation: The tiger shovelnose catfish is not currently listed as an endangered species. However, their populations can face threats from habitat destruction, overfishing, and the aquarium trade. As their popularity increases, responsible sourcing and sustainable practices are essential to ensure the conservation of wild populations. Captive breeding programs are also becoming increasingly important to reduce the impact of wild collection and provide a sustainable source of these captivating fish for the aquarium trade.

Common Tankmates for The Shovelnose Catfish

1. Large Cichlids: Some large and robust cichlid species, such as Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) and Red Terror (Cichlasoma festae), can coexist with tiger shovelnose catfish. Ensure that the cichlids are of a similar size or larger to prevent aggression issues.
2. Other Large Catfish: Compatible large catfish species like the red-tailed catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus) or the Piraiba catfish (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) can make suitable tank mates.
3. Large Characins: Some large characin species like silver dollars (Metynnis spp.) and pacu (Colossoma macropomum) can be kept with tiger shovelnose catfish.
4. Bala Sharks (Balantiocheilos melanopterus): These active and peaceful fish can be suitable companions, but ensure that the tank is spacious enough to accommodate both species comfortably.
5. Large Barbs: Some large barb species like the tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) can be compatible with tiger shovelnose catfish, provided they are similar in size.
6. Silver Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum): Silver arowanas are large, predatory fish that can coexist with tiger shovelnose catfish if they are of similar size.
7. Bichir (Polypterus spp.): Bichirs are primitive, armored fish that can tolerate similar water conditions and tank requirements.

Male gender vs Female gender (Sexual Dimorphism)

1. Observe Size Differences: In general, adult male tiger shovelnose catfish tend to be slightly larger and more robust than females. Males might also have broader heads and a more muscular appearance.
2. Check for Pectoral Fin Spines: Male tiger shovelnose catfish typically have thicker and more elongated pectoral fin spines compared to females. These spines are located on the sides of the catfish, near their gills.
3. Analyze Body Shape: Adult males might have a more streamlined and slender body shape, while females might appear slightly rounder or broader.
4. Study Behavior During Breeding: Observing their behavior during breeding can provide clearer clues about their gender. Males are often more territorial and aggressive during breeding, while females might show nesting behaviors and protective instincts over their eggs.
5. Examine Genital Papillae: In some cases, you might be able to differentiate males and females by examining the genital papillae, which are small, fleshy structures located near the anal opening. Males may have a more pointed genital papilla, while females may have a rounder and less pronounced one.
6. Wait for Reproductive Behavior: As they reach sexual maturity, males may display courting behavior, such as chasing and circling potential mates. Females might show interest in suitable breeding spots.
7. Seek Expert Advice: If you are having difficulty identifying the gender, consider seeking advice from experienced aquarists or professionals who have experience with tiger shovelnose catfish.

Breeding The Shovelnose Catfish

1. Prepare a Breeding Tank: Set up a separate breeding tank with appropriate water parameters and hiding spots. The tank should be spacious and free of potential threats from other fish.
2. Choose a Compatible Pair: Identify a mature male and female that exhibit healthy behavior and are compatible with each other. Observe their interactions in a community tank to ensure they get along well.
3. Condition the Breeding Pair: Prior to breeding, condition the pair with a high-quality diet of live or frozen foods, such as bloodworms, shrimp, and blackworms. Proper nutrition is crucial for their health and reproductive success.
4. Provide Suitable Breeding Spots: Tiger shovelnose catfish are known to be cavity spawners, so provide caves, PVC pipes, or other suitable hiding spots where the female can deposit her eggs.
5. Trigger Breeding Conditions: Replicate the natural conditions of the rainy season to trigger breeding behavior. This may involve increasing the water temperature slightly and performing a partial water change to simulate the onset of the rainy season.
6. Observe Breeding Behavior: Once the breeding pair is conditioned and the breeding tank is set up, carefully monitor their behavior. Males may become more territorial and aggressive, while females may show interest in potential breeding sites.
7. Egg Deposition and Fertilization: When the female is ready to spawn, she will lay her eggs inside the chosen breeding spot. The male will then fertilize the eggs.
8. Separate the Female: After spawning, it's essential to remove the female from the breeding tank to prevent her from consuming the eggs or disturbing the breeding site.
9. Incubate the Eggs: The male will guard and protect the eggs until they hatch, which usually takes around 5 to 7 days. During this time, provide suitable water conditions and maintain stable water parameters.
10. Feed the Fry: Once the eggs have hatched, the fry will consume their yolk sac for the first few days. After that, offer them small live foods like baby brine shrimp or microworms to supplement their diet.